Expression of p53 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent oral cavity tumor. We aimed to see if the expression of p53 in oral mucosal biopsies can be used as a diagnostic aid for evaluating malignancy. Biopsies are small and only a scant amount of material is required, hence this study could help in early detection of disease and prompt treatment. 

Methodology: This cross-sectional study has been conducted on a statistically calculated representative sample size of a total of 90 patients. 

The study comprised biopsies and resection samples from individuals with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and patients of both sexes and all ages (from 13 to 90) with high-grade oral squamous cell carcinoma. The slides were examined under light microscope by the Pathologist and diagnosis was recorded. Immunohistochemistry was applied for p53 expression and further evaluation. 

Results:  Mean age of the patients was 55.1±12.4 years. There were 54 males (60%) while 36 females (40%). Histopathological sub-types were as follows: conventional squamous cell carcinoma (71.1%), basaloid squamous carcinoma (14.4%), verrucous carcinoma (8.9%), adeno-squamous carcinoma (3.3%) and acantholytic cell carcinoma (2.2%). 

The most common grade of tumor was well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (45.6%) followed by: moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (34.4%), poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (16.7%) and nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (3.3%). p53 expression was found to be positive in 65.6% of patients. Stratification for age, gender, histopathological subtype and grade of tumor was also carried out.  

Conclusion: In conclusion, p53 expression was positive in oral squamous cell carcinomas in 65.6% cases. It is a significant marker of carcinogenesis and can be considered as an important marker for clinical evaluation, diagnosis as well as prognosis of disease.  

Keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity, Expression of p53, Immunohistochemistry, human, cancer.